Clinical studies have demonstrated that smoking adversely affects the outcome of various modalities of periodontal therapy.Studies on surgical as well as non-surgical therapy report inferior results in smoking patients.Smokers have also been reported to have poorer success rates following periodontal regenerative surgery.Furthermore,refractory periodontitis cases,is patients who do not respond as expencted following therapy exhibiting continuing progression of disease,are heavily overrepresented in smokers.

    Tobacco use is associated with several changes in the oral mucous membrans ranging from innocent and reversible lesions,such as smoker's palate,to oral cancer.The innocent lesions offer an excellent opportunity to initiate a discussion on tabacco.Please feel free to contact us if you need a dental whitening or dental care.
 

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